ON the twenty-seventh of August of the present year the Official Messenger of St. Petersburg contained one of the most remarkable documents that has seen the light during the present century. It had been handed three days before, by order of the Tsar, to all the foreign representatives accredited to the Court of St. Petersburg, and thus had been placed at once in a position of prominence only accorded to diplomatic communications of the first importance. Its contents showed that it was even more remarkable in itself than in the circum- stances of its origin. It contained a summary of the chief arguments against "the excessive armaments which weigh upon all nations," and concluded by proposing an inter- national Conference to "put an end to these incessant arma- ments, and to seek the means of warding off the calamities which are threatening the whole world."