Despite a steady downturn in juvenile violent crime over the past several years, the 1990s witnessed a growing number of juveniles being waived or transferred to criminal court. This Report examines the use made of adult criminal sanctions by 3 Minnesota, New Mexico, & Wisconsin. While each of these States has turned to the criminal justice system to buttress its juvenile justice system, each has done so in a different way with distinctive implications. This Report provides case studies of each States approach to reform. The particular reform is detailed, its significance is noted, & its goals are elucidated. The impact of the reform is also described.