Griffin studies the central topics of Wittgenstein's philosophy before and in the first parts of the Tractatus: objects, substance, states of affairs, elementary propositions, pictures, and thoughts. He aims to understand and question Wittgenstein's programme of analysis as the key to understanding the Tractatus. His conclusion is that analysis is reduction to what is basic not in experience but in reference. He thus argues that, contrary to established interpretations of Russell and the Vienna Circle - the Tractatus is concerned not with problems of knowledge but with problems of sense.