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KGB Operations against the USA and Canada in Soviet Ukraine, 1953-1991

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Oriented for a general reading audience, this book gives a unique and rare perspective on the KGB special operations, in Soviet Ukraine, which targeted especially the USA and Canada, using the issues related to Soviet Ukrainian identity and cultural diplomacy of Soviet Ukraine after Stalin’s death in 1953 until the perestroika of the 1980s. Using carefully researched archive materials, this is an invaluable resource for scholars and advanced students of the KGB Operations, the Cold War, counterintelligence, and political and cultural history.

282 pages, Hardcover

First published April 29, 2022

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Profile Image for Dmitry.
1,338 reviews107 followers
March 15, 2024
(The English review is placed beneath the Russian one)

На редкость интересная и сбалансированная книга о действиях КГБ, включая украинское КГБ, на территории Украины. В отличие от других авторов, пишущих на тему активных мероприятий проводимых КГБ в Украине, которые, по неведомой мне причине, не упоминают само украинское КГБ, автор этой книги пишет как о КГБ в целом, так и о его украинском филиале. Это означает, что ответственность за репрессии по отношению к украинским гражданам не переносятся целиком и полностью на плечи «российского» КГБ, а распределяются поровну. Некоторым может показаться это несущественным, однако с моей точки зрения многие люди пытаются изобразить ситуацию таким образом, чтобы казалось, что КГБ является структурой российской, что означает, что репрессии проходили не по политическим взглядам, а по этническим. Такой подход, когда из КГБ лепят русскую организацию, является искажением истории и попыткой обелить «своих сукиных сынов». Да, нынешние спецслужбы России и Белоруссии продолжили практику своего предшественника – советского КГБ – тем не менее, у меня нет никаких иллюзий насчёт человеколюбия современных украинских спецслужб – СБУ. Хотя нам и пытаются показать сотрудников СБУ как некий аналог американского ФБР или CIA (см. компьютерную игру S.T.A.L.K.E.R.: Call of Pripyat), т.е. с положительной стороны, я всё же считаю, что если Украина не смогла построить современное демократического государство европейского образца, почему же им удалось построить современные спецслужбы, которые не применяли бы КГБшные практики?

Книга небольшая, но вмещает в себя огромное количество историй того, как КГБ боролось со шпионами, вербовало агентов для отправки их на Запад и как преследовало обычных людей, в особенности студентов украинских высших учебных заведений, за любое проявление свободолюбия. Первые страницы посвящены описанию жизни нескольких агентов или двойных агентов завербованных КГБ, но после решившие работать на Западные разведки. Истории неплохие, но я не являюсь поклонником шпионского жанра. В целом понятно, что КГБ пыталось завербовать, кого только было возможно завербовать. Так же понятно, что КГБ подозревало абсолютно всех граждан другого государства, которые въезжали на территорию СССР, в шпионаже. Автор хорошо показывает шпиономанию КГБ. Однако тут стоит отметить, что книга ограничивается случаями шпиономании исключительно территорией украинской ССР. Я не хочу сказать, что Западные страны вообще не засылали шпионов, я хочу сказать, что книга рассказывает как о реальных случаях задержания Западных шпионов, так и о ложных.

Примечательно, что КГБ активно использовало женщин в качестве завербованных агентов. Я имею в виду использование женщин в качестве сексуальных объектов, т.е. используя женскую сексуальность, КГБ пытались получить, таким образом, компромат. Трудно сказать использовали ли подобную тактику Западные спецслужбы, но в связи с этим мне вспомнились сексуальные скандалы, связанные с современной российской оппозицией и тот факт, что проституция в России, особенно элитная проституция, крышуется силовыми структурами, а также является якобы запрещённой. Я имею в виду знаменитые скандалы, когда в СМИ появились видеозаписи снятые скрытой камерой таких людей как прокурор Скуратов, бывший премьер-министр Касьянов, сатирик и ярый критик Кремля Виктор Шендерович, Борис Немцов и многие другие. Во всех этих случаях проститутки использовались в качестве создания компромата на видных политических и общественных людей. И что самое главное, такая практика началась сразу, как только Владимир Путин стал доверенным Ельцину человеком. Это указывает нам на то, что Путин активно использует все доступные КГБ инструменты, без какого либо ограничения.

Но мы всё же говорим об Украине, а что было самым важны для КГБ, когда речь шла об Украине? Главным являлось дискредитация украинцев живущих за пределами советской Украины. Каким способом? Способ был один и тот же – смешать критикующих советскую власть украинцев с пособниками нацистов во время оккупации Украины. Другими словами целью КГБ было то, чтобы люди начали ассоциировать украинцев проживающих в США и Канаде с приверженцами нацисткой идеологии (ничего не напоминает?).

In December of 1976, the KGB initiated the publication of the 3rd edition this book in the USA and Canada, simultaneously trying to trigger the investigations of the Ukrainian nationalists’ war crimes. All these publications and video materials were used to compromise and discredit the American Ukrainians not only like “bourgeois nationalists,” but also like the “fascist collaborators.” Moreover, the KGB promoted various publications, from such influential newspapers like The New York Times to the local periodical from Indiana like Elkhart Truth, and broadcasting in American and Canadian television “with the shocking information about the crimes committed by the Ukrainian activists of OUN against the Jewish population” of Soviet Ukraine during WWII. In the KGB interpretation, which they promoted in the USA and Canada during the 1970s, the Ukrainian nationalists “initiated genocide against the Jews,” and now the same “Ukrainian nationalistic criminals” found “shelter in peace” in America, participating in various “anti-Soviet provocations.”

Итак, главными задачами КГБ были: дискредитация людей критикующих советский строй, вербовка агентов и использование их с целью похищения западных промышленных разработок.

These stolen technological items included “the special programming software from the American firm IBM”; “the technological details of American production of the cars with electric transmission”; “four studies of the American scholars on the theory of the planning management and the perspective forecasting of the scientific- technical progress, which were related to the US military-industrial complex and to the state strategic doctrine, regarding the scientific and technological future of the USA”; “thirteen informational items regarding the American mining firm the American Magnesium Corporation about the questions of electrolytic production of aluminum and magnesium”; and many others.

Но что ещё помимо этого? Чтобы политбюро не подумало, что КГБ нечем заняться, агенты КГБ стали охотиться на хиппи, поклонниками хеви-металл, панков, зрителей порнографических фильмов и даже на тех граждан, кто осмелился читать книги о сексе, т.е. КГБ искало людей, которые читали, как правильно заниматься сексом. Безумие? Вовсе нет. Это было правило в тоталитарном государстве.

Among foreign books, which were considered as “part of the ideological diversion and provocation,” the KGB operatives found also various sex guides, which were “explicit pornography.” In August of 1979, Kyiv book store received an American book with a title about “the penis songs” with the descriptions of various scenes of “sex pathology.”
<…>
The special object of the KGB operations against “the American books” was the erotic literature, pornography and various sex guides.

Мне особо понравилась одна история, которую упоминает автор в связи с попытками КГБ пресечь «сексуальную вседозволенность» украинского студенчества. Не знаю как для сегодняшней Украины, но для сегодняшней России преследование по сексуальным мотивам, включая преследование людей занимающихся «не тем сексом», является правилом, а не отклонением. Впрочем, теперь понятно, откуда российское ФСБ взяло практику гонятся за самыми безобидными проявлениями нелояльности.

“Bowing to the western lifestyle, and sharing the views of Sigmund Freud and other western scholars” about freedom of sex, Pasiutin composed “theses” and so-called program of Khmel’nitskyi Party of Sexual Democrats. In these texts, he put “an appeal to free love” and to an abolition of family institute (instituta sem’i).” He began his theses with epigraph “A ghost roams Europe – a ghost of the sexual revolution,” and he finished his text with the words: “Sexual democrats of all countries, unite, we have nothing to lose except our clothes.” In his program, Pasiutin “put forward a task to liberate a woman by abolishing a family as a social institute, eradicate adultery by creating the state brothels.”

Это прелестная и забавная история. Действия же КГБ отлично показывают всю сущность этой тоталитарной организации, и почему она должна была быть запрещена, а её руководители должны были отправиться на скамью подсудимых (в 1991 году). Жаль, что этого не случилось ни в одной стране бывшего СССР.

Но даже это был не предел для «полиции нравов из КГБ».

On November 17, 1979, in the city of Odesa, in the restaurant Khadzhibei, inspired by the American music, 4 drunken half naked girls performed so-called tanets zhivota periodically demonstrating their naked breasts to the public.

В заключении стоит отметить, что автор объективно рассматривает вопрос радикального украинского национализма, а также в целом, националистическое движение, включая чтение таких писателей как Taras Shevchenko, что также пресекалось сотрудниками КГБ. Автор подтверждает, что украинский национализм рассматривался как подрывная деятельность и, следовательно, любой украинский национализм подвергался репрессиям. Однако я бы отметил, тот факт, что национализм стал заменой демократическим ценностям, а ведь украинские националисты начала XX века отвергали демократию как политический институт. Мне кажется, об этом также нужно помнить, как и о том, что мир не чёрно-белого цвета.

It's a very interesting and balanced book about the activities of the KGB, including the Ukrainian KGB, on the territory of Ukraine. Unlike other authors writing on the topic of active measures conducted by the KGB in Ukraine, who, for some unknown reason, do not mention the Ukrainian KGB itself, the author of this book writes both about the KGB as a whole and (about) its Ukrainian branch. This means that the responsibility for the repression of Ukrainian citizens is not transferred entirely to the shoulders of the "Russian" KGB but is shared equally. This may seem irrelevant to some, but from my point of view, many people try to portray the situation in such a way as to make it seem that the KGB is a Russian structure, which means that the repression was not based on political views but on ethnic views. Such an approach, when the KGB is used as a Russian organization, is a distortion of history and an attempt to whitewash "their own sons of bitches". Yes, the current special services of Russia and Belarus have continued the practice of their predecessor - the Soviet KGB - nevertheless, I have no illusions about the modern Ukrainian special services - the SBU. Although they try to show the SBU officers as some analog of the American FBI or CIA (see the computer game S.T.A.L.K.E.R.: Call of Pripyat), i.e., on the positive side, I still think that if Ukraine failed to build a modern democratic state of the European model, why did they manage to build modern security services that would not use KGB methods?

The book is small but contains a huge number of stories of how the KGB fought spies and recruited agents to send them to the West and how they persecuted ordinary people, especially students of Ukrainian universities, for any manifestation of freedom. The first pages are devoted to describing the lives of a few agents or double agents recruited by the KGB but then decided to work for Western intelligence. The stories are not bad, but I am not a fan of the spy genre. In general, the KGB tried to recruit whoever it was possible to recruit. It is also clear that the KGB suspected all citizens of another state who entered the USSR as spies. The author does a good job of showing the KGB's spyomania. However, it is worth noting here that the book limits the cases of spyomania exclusively to the territory of the Ukrainian SSR. I do not want to say that Western countries did not send spies at all; I want to say that the book tells about both real cases of apprehension of Western spies and false ones.

It is noteworthy that the KGB actively used women as recruited agents. I am referring to the use of women as sexual objects, i.e., by using women's sexuality, the KGB tried to obtain kompromat in this way. It is hard to say whether Western intelligence services used similar tactics, but, in this regard, I am reminded of the sex scandals associated with the modern Russian opposition and the fact that prostitution in Russia, especially elite prostitution, is controlled by security services and is supposedly illegal. I am referring to the famous sex scandals when hidden camera videos of people such as prosecutor Skuratov, former Prime Minister Kasyanov, satirist and ardent critic of the Kremlin Viktor Shenderovich, Boris Nemtsov, and many others appeared in the media. In all these cases, prostitutes were used as a means of creating dirt on prominent political and public figures. Most importantly, this practice began as soon as Vladimir Putin became Yeltsin's confidant. This indicates that Putin is actively using all the tools available to the KGB, without any limitation.

But we are talking about Ukraine, and what was the most important thing for the KGB when it came to Ukraine? The main thing was to discredit Ukrainians living outside of Soviet Ukraine. In what way? The method was the same - to mix Ukrainians criticizing the Soviet regime with Nazi collaborators during the occupation of Ukraine. In other words, the goal of the KGB was to make people associate Ukrainians living in the United States and Canada with adherents of Nazi ideology ( does this remind you of anything?).

In December of 1976, the KGB initiated the publication of the 3rd edition this book in the USA and Canada, simultaneously trying to trigger the investigations of the Ukrainian nationalists’ war crimes. All these publications and video materials were used to compromise and discredit the American Ukrainians not only like “bourgeois nationalists,” but also like the “fascist collaborators.” Moreover, the KGB promoted various publications, from such influential newspapers like The New York Times to the local periodical from Indiana like Elkhart Truth, and broadcasting in American and Canadian television “with the shocking information about the crimes committed by the Ukrainian activists of OUN against the Jewish population” of Soviet Ukraine during WWII. In the KGB interpretation, which they promoted in the USA and Canada during the 1970s, the Ukrainian nationalists “initiated genocide against the Jews,” and now the same “Ukrainian nationalistic criminals” found “shelter in peace” in America, participating in various “anti-Soviet provocations.”

So, the main tasks of the KGB were discrediting people criticizing the Soviet system, recruiting agents, and using them to steal Western industrial developments.

These stolen technological items included “the special programming software from the American firm IBM”; “the technological details of American production of the cars with electric transmission”; “four studies of the American scholars on the theory of the planning management and the perspective forecasting of the scientific- technical progress, which were related to the US military-industrial complex and to the state strategic doctrine, regarding the scientific and technological future of the USA”; “thirteen informational items regarding the American mining firm the American Magnesium Corporation about the questions of electrolytic production of aluminum and magnesium”; and many others.

But what else beyond that? To prevent the Politburo from thinking that the KGB had nothing better to do, KGB agents began hunting down hippies, heavy metal fans, punks, viewers of pornographic movies, and even citizens who dared to read books about sex, i.e., the KGB was looking for people who had read how to have sex properly. Crazy? Not at all. It was the rule in a totalitarian state.

Among foreign books, which were considered as “part of the ideological diversion and provocation,” the KGB operatives found also various sex guides, which were “explicit pornography.” In August of 1979, Kyiv book store received an American book with a title about “the penis songs” with the descriptions of various scenes of “sex pathology.”
<…>
The special object of the KGB operations against “the American books” was the erotic literature, pornography and various sex guides.


I particularly liked one story that the author mentions in connection with the KGB's attempts to stop the "sexual permissiveness" of Ukrainian students. I don't know about today's Ukraine, but in today's Russia, persecution for sexual reasons, including persecution of people having the "wrong sex," is the rule, not an aberration. However, it is now clear where the Russian FSB got the practice of chasing the most innocuous manifestations of disloyalty.

“Bowing to the western lifestyle, and sharing the views of Sigmund Freud and other western scholars” about freedom of sex, Pasiutin composed “theses” and so-called program of Khmel’nitskyi Party of Sexual Democrats. In these texts, he put “an appeal to free love” and to an abolition of family institute.” He began his theses with epigraph “A ghost roams Europe – a ghost of the sexual revolution,” and he finished his text with the words: “Sexual democrats of all countries, unite, we have nothing to lose except our clothes.” In his program, Pasiutin “put forward a task to liberate a woman by abolishing a family as a social institute, eradicate adultery by creating the state brothels.”

This is a lovely and amusing story. The actions of the KGB perfectly show the essence of this totalitarian organization and why it should have been banned and its leaders sent to the dock (in 1991). It is a pity that this did not happen in any country of the former USSR.

But even this was not the limit for the "morality police from the KGB".

On November 17, 1979, in the city of Odesa, in the restaurant Khadzhibei, inspired by the American music, 4 drunken half naked girls performed so-called tanets zhivota periodically demonstrating their naked breasts to the public.

In conclusion, it is worth noting that the author objectively examines the issue of radical Ukrainian nationalism, as well as the nationalist movement in general, including reading writers such as Taras Shevchenko, which was also suppressed by KGB officers. The author confirms that Ukrainian nationalism was seen as subversive and, therefore, any Ukrainian nationalism was repressed. However, I would point out the fact that nationalism became a substitute for democratic values, while Ukrainian nationalists of the early 20th century rejected democracy as a political institution. I think we need to remember that; the world is not black and white.
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