Quantum Computing is an ever-increasing field of interest both from a conceptual and applied standpoint. Quantum Mechanics has radically changed our vision and understanding of the physical reality and also has had an enormous technological and societal impact. On the other hand, the development of Information Theory, including computer science and communications theory, made possible the information “revolution” which has had a deep impact on our everyday life. This volume isn’t meant to represent a complete or beginner’s guide to Quantum Computing but has the aim to present some of its most interesting and fascinating developments related to both theoretical and applied aspects. The target audience of this book is composed of scientists and researchers interested in the most advanced theoretical and applied developments of quantum computation and quantum information.