SAINS DAN AGAMA

by Albert Einstein

Meskipun agama dan sains saling bertentangan, tapi ada hubungan timbal balik dan saling ketergantungan yang kuat di antara keduanya. Meskipun memang agama yang menentukan tujuan-tujuan fundamental bagi manusia, tapi bagaimanapun, agama telah belajar dari sains, dalam arti luas, tentang sarana-sarana yang berkontribusi pada pencapaian tujuan-tujuan mendasar yang telah ditetapkan, sementara itu sains hanya dapat diciptakan oleh mereka yang sepenuhnya diilhami oleh aspirasi terhadap kebenaran dan pemahaman. Sumber perasaan ini, bagaimanapun, memancar dari ranah agama. Selain itu, ada kepercayaan pada kemungkinan bahwa tatanan yang valid bagi dunia eksistensi ini adalah rasional, yakni dapat dipahami dengan nalar. Saya tak dapat membayangkan seorang ilmuwan sejati tanpa iman yang mendalam semacam itu. Situasi ini dapat diungkapkan oleh sebuah gambaran: sains tanpa agama lumpuh, agama tanpa sains buta.

120 pages, Paperback

Published July 1, 2020

About the author

Special and general theories of relativity of German-born American theoretical physicist Albert Einstein revolutionized modern thought on the nature of space and time and formed a base for the exploitation of atomic energy; he won a Nobel Prize of 1921 for his explanation of the photoelectric effect.

His paper of 1905 formed the basis of electronics. His first paper, also published in 1905, changed the world.
He completed his Philosophiae Doctor at the University of Zurich before 1909.

Einstein, a pacifist during World War I, stayed a firm proponent of social justice and responsibility.

Einstein thought that Newtonion mechanics no longer enough reconciled the laws of classical mechanics with those of the electromagnetic field. This thought led to the development. He recognized, however, that he ably also extended the principle to gravitational fields and with his subsequent theory of gravitation in 1916 published a paper. He continued to deal with problems of statistical mechanics and quantum theory, which led to his explanations of particle theory and the motion of molecules. He also investigated the thermal properties of light, which laid the foundation of the photon.

Best known for his mass–energy equivalence formula E = mc2, dubbed "the world's most famous equation," he received "for his services to theoretical physics, and especially for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect". The latter was pivotal in establishing quantum theory.

He visited the United States when Adolf Hitler came to power in 1933 and went not back to Germany. On the eve of World War II, he endorsed a letter, alerting Franklin Delano Roosevelt, president, to the potential development of "extremely powerful bombs of a new type" and recommending that the United States begin similar research. This recommendation eventually led to the Manhattan project. Einstein supported defending the Allied forces but largely denounced the idea of using the newly discovered nuclear fission as a weapon. Later, with Bertrand Russell–Einstein manifesto highlighted the danger of nuclear weapons.

After the rise of the Nazi party, Einstein made Princeton his permanent home as a citizen of United States in 1940. He chaired the emergency committee of atomic scientists, which organized to alert the public to the dangers of warfare.

At a symposium, he advised:

"In their struggle for the ethical good, teachers of religion must have the stature to give up the doctrine of a personal God, that is, give up that source of fear and hope which in the past placed such vast power in the hands of priests. In their labors they will have to avail themselves of those forces which are capable of cultivating the Good, the True, and the Beautiful in humanity itself. This is, to be sure a more difficult but an incomparably more worthy task... "

("Science, Philosophy and Religion, A Symposium," published by the Conference on Science, Philosophy and Religion in their Relation to the Democratic Way of Life, Inc., New York, 1941).

In a letter to philosopher Eric Gutkind, dated 3 January 1954, Einstein stated:

"The word god is for me nothing more than the expression and product of human weaknesses, the Bible a collection of honorable, but still primitive legends which are nevertheless pretty childish. No interpretation no matter how subtle can (for me) change this."

(The Guardian, "Childish superstition: Einstein's letter makes view of religion relatively clear," by James Randerson, May 13, 2008)

Great intellectual achievements and originality made the word "Einstein" synonymous with genius.

The institute for advanced study in Princeton, New Jersey, affiliated Einstein until his death in 1955.

More: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_E...

http://www.nobelprize.org/nobe

Reviews

[Yesahta Rinda · Rating 5 out of 5]

𝐽𝑎𝑔𝑎𝑡 𝑟𝑎𝑦𝑎 𝑑𝑎𝑛 𝑘𝑒ℎ𝑖𝑑𝑢𝑝𝑎𝑛 𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑖𝑎 𝑡𝑒𝑙𝑎ℎ 𝑑𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑢𝑘𝑎𝑛, 𝑑𝑎𝑟𝑖 𝑎𝑤𝑎𝑙 ℎ𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑔𝑎 𝑎𝑘ℎ𝑖𝑟, 𝑜𝑙𝑒ℎ 𝑘𝑒𝑘𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑦𝑎𝑛𝑔 𝑡𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑘 𝑏𝑖𝑠𝑎 𝑘𝑖𝑡𝑎 𝑘𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑘𝑎𝑛. 𝑆𝑒𝑚𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑦𝑎 𝑡𝑒𝑙𝑎ℎ 𝑑𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑢𝑘𝑎𝑛, 𝑏𝑎𝑖𝑘 𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑢𝑘 𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑔𝑎 𝑚𝑎𝑢𝑝𝑢𝑛 𝑏𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔. 𝑀𝑎𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑖𝑎, 𝑠𝑎𝑦𝑢𝑟𝑎𝑛, 𝑏𝑎ℎ𝑘𝑎𝑛 𝑑𝑒𝑏𝑢 𝑘𝑜𝑠𝑚𝑖𝑠; 𝑗𝑎𝑔𝑎𝑡 𝑟𝑎𝑦𝑎 𝑏𝑒𝑟𝑑𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑎 𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑖𝑘𝑢𝑡𝑖 𝑖𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑎 𝑚𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑢𝑠 𝑦𝑎𝑛𝑔 𝑑𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑘𝑎𝑛 𝑑𝑎𝑟𝑖 𝑗𝑎𝑢ℎ 𝑜𝑙𝑒ℎ 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑠 𝑦𝑎𝑛𝑔 𝑡𝑎𝑘 𝑘𝑎𝑠𝑎𝑡 𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑎. (Hal 87)

Tapi, siapa yang memainkan irama itu?

Esai, pidato, dan hasil wawancara dengan Einstein di masa lampau dikumpulkan dan disatukan menjadi sebuah buku berjudul Sains dan Agama ini. Di dalamnya menjelaskan keterkaitan antara sains dan agama menurut pandangan Einstein.

Di buku ini, Einstein menyatakan bahwa dirinya agnostik. Ia berpandangan bahwa alam semesta bukanlah sekadar kumpulan atom yang bergerak menurut hukum-hukum tertentu. Ada sesuatu yang lebih daripada itu. Namun, ia juga menolak konsep Tuhan personal yang memberi pahala pada yang taat dan menghukum orang-orang berdosa.

"Saya bukan atheis," kata Einstein. "Masalah itu terlalu besar untuk pikiran kita yang terbatas. Kita seperti anak kecil yang memasuki perpustakaan maha luas dipenuhi buku dalam banyak bahasa. Anak itu tahu seseorang pasti telah menulis semua buku itu. Namun anak itu tidak tahu cara menuliskannya. Anak itu tidak tahu bahasa yang si penulis gunakan. Anak itu sedikit mencurigai ada urutan misterius ketika meletakkan buku-buku itu di dalam rak, tetapi dia tidak bisa menjelaskan mengapa harus berurutan seperti itu. Menurut saya, inilah sikap manusia paling pintar kepada Tuhan. Kita melihat alam semesta diatur dengan sangat bagus dan mematuhi hukum tertentu, tetapi kita hanya sedikit memahami hukum tersebut."

Di halaman-halaman awal, aku agak sedikit dibuat bingung dengan kosa kata dan terjemahannya, jadi kadang perlu dua kali baca buat memahami. Tapi, semakin ke belakang bahasanya cukup enak dan aku bisa nyambung. Pada akhirnya, buku ini sangat bagus dan aku rekomendasikan untuk kita-kita yang berniat belajar dan memperluas sudut pandang.

[Cacagogo · Rating 3 out of 5]

Nice one

Tough too understand