Over the past ten or fifteen years, 'industrial policy' has become a portmanteau term for the broad range of governmental actions which directly affects the structure of production in an economy, . Many of the activities included in the portmanteau pre-date the term and its use may suggest more coherence among them than in fact exists. Rather than actual coherence, the development of the term reflects a desire for coherence; and it also reflects, at least as important, a substantial increase in the resources devoted to industrial policy.