In conjunction with a long-running research project at the University of Groningen on cultural change, this volume forms the proceedings of a workshop held at the university in 2001. These ten essays look at the reception of classical material in Late Antiquity and the Renaissance and their reaction to the proceeding periods, ie. the 3rd century AD and the Middle Ages, which led to a burst of new creativity and thought inspired by ancient classical and Christian traditions. The contributors take a variety of approaches to these two periods including those looking at philosophy, theology, law, literature, art and architecture.