The purpose of this Federal Reserve Bank of Boston conference was not to debate the specifics of any individual proposal, but rather to investigate the likely economic impacts of some of the reforms that have been proposed. The United States, like the rest of the industrialized world, faces a transition to a demographic structure characterized by low fertility rates, long life expectancy, and a growing population of post-retirement-age individuals. This transition presents a major challenge to policymakers. Papers and discussions presented in this conference report Social Security An Overview The Transformation of Social Security Social How Social and Secure Should It Be? Demographics, Social Security Reform, and Labor Supply Effects of Social Security Reform on Private and National Saving Lessons From A Panel Discussion, The Future Outlook for Social Security, Social Security Reform and Financial Markets, Social Security Reform in a Global Context, How Should Social Security Be Reformed? and much more.