James Mackintosh's Vindiciæ Gallicæ (1791) was a brilliant reply to Edmund Burke's Reflections on the Revolution in France and Charles-Alexandre de Calonne's De l'état de la France. Whig Opposition leader Charles James Fox rated it as the finest defence of the French Revolution. This edition offers an extensive editor's introduction, a fully annotated text of the first edition of Vindiciæ Gallicæ and an appendix that includes the significant substantive revisions that Mackintosh made to Vindiciæ Gallicæ in the late summer of 1791.
Sir James Mackintosh FRS FRSE was a Scottish jurist, Whig politician and historian. His studies and sympathies embraced many interests. He was trained as a doctor and barrister, and worked also as a journalist, judge, administrator, professor, philosopher and politician.