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This book is the Bible of forensic psychiatry, and, as such, does not lend itself easily to criticism. Isaac Ray was an absolute genius. When this work was first published, in the early half of the 19th century, the courts had no idea what to do with the issue of insanity. As a result, different courts had different standards for competence and different procedures for how to interact with the mentally ill. Ray examined all of these views and tried to put forth standards that were reflective of both science and philosophy. As a result of this book, the modern standard for determining competence, the M'Naghten rule, was born. This book is essential for anyone interested in the history of psychiatry or the history of American jurisprudence.