"The Right to Vote: Politics and the Passage of the Fifteenth Amendment" give readers a historical analysis of amending the U.S. Constitution to enfranchise a society of men ("Negro suffrage"). Author William Gillette offered the struggle between state rights to regulate voting and Article IV of the U.S. Constitution - "The Guarantee Clause" to explain the rights of citizens vis-à-vis the government. The Guarantee Clause mandates that all U.S. states must be grounded in republican principles such as the consent of the governed. By ensuring that all states must have the same basic republican philosophy, the Guarantee Clause is one of several portions of the Constitution which mandates symmetric federalism between the states. Crossed referenced: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Article...