This book, genetically engineered microorganisms areas of research directly relevant to the use of (GEMs) in the environment are fully discussed and some aspects of the use of specially selected unengineered bacteria and fungi are covered. A series of chapters then deal with points important to the release of all types of bacteria, especially aspects of gene transfer and survival. The final chapters discuss specific case-histories of some of the known releases of GEMs. The book concludes with the likely concerns and reactions of legislatures of various countries to the issues raised by this branch of biotechnology.