This is primarily a study of the effects of India's political economy on the health of its rural population. The empirical data is mainly based on four month's fieldwork in a village 40 miles from Lucknow, in Uttar Pradesh. The fieldwork included a survey of the income and health of 102 households; physical measurement of nearly 500 villagers; participant observation of the village and of the nearby Primary Health Centre; and interviews with over 50 local medical practitioners, users of a variety of medical systems.