This book answers the important question "How did bossism and corrupt urban politics develop in mid-nineteenth century America?" Hint: the structure of state government was a bad model to use for cities. Understanding this fundamental issue helps explain why the rapid urban growth in America brought problems that took decades to fix
“The politically controlled new force provided little significant reform until it was modified in 1853 by the establishment of a board of police commissioners. Over bitter opposition the commissioners required the wearing of a uniform consisting of a blue swallow-tailed coat with large buttons, gray pantaloons, and a blue cap labeled with the officer’s number (96).