Hemoglobin has been involved in the most significant advances in our understanding of modern genetics and molecular biology. Now, hemoglobin is again central to a new area: Development of artificial blood (blood substitute.) This volume of Methods in Enzymology and its companion Volume 231 are indispensable to anyone with a serious interest in this emerging field. They completely updated and extended the information presented in Volume 76, which was published more than 10 years ago. Key Features * Molecular structure and dynamics * Spectroscopy * Ligand binding * Mathematical analysis and modeling