This work of pioneering research by architectural historians and archivists gives us access to an exceptional field of European cultural heritage: the records of building and public works contractors active on the southern shores of the Mediterranean between 1860 and 1970. It covers all the construction trades, from steel or reinforced concrete bridges and dams, housing for labourers and expats, and public buildings, but also furniture, decoration, and studio crafts. All of these project attest to the intensity of the human, technical, and artistic exchanges occurring in this period between Europe and the southeastern Mediterranean rim. The book is illustrated with over 200 rare drawings and photographs drawn directly from the builders' archives, including old photos intended to promote the contractor's business, construction site photos, architects' plans, sketches, and notes documenting technical innovations, and vintage advertising, brochures, etc. This book is the product of the transnational cooperation project.