Né dans une famille hindoue de caste traditionnellement végétarienne, Gandhi s’abstint donc tout naturellement de viande et de poisson. Cette abstinence, mise à rude épreuve lors de son séjour en Angleterre, se muera en abstention : une décision personnelle et réfléchie de ne pas prendre part à une action. Quoique né végétarien, Gandhi considérera qu’il ne le devint vraiment que le jour où il en décida lui-même, sur le fondement d’arguments moraux qu’il présente dans ce recueil : un devoir de non-violence envers les animaux. Dans la délibération, le végétarisme quitte la sphère obscure du tabou pour entrer dans celle, claire, de la rationalité éthique.
Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, commonly known as Mahatma Gandhi, was the preeminent leader of Indian nationalism in British-ruled India. Employing non-violent civil disobedience, Gandhi led India to independence and inspired movements for non-violence, civil rights and freedom across the world.
The son of a senior government official, Gandhi was born and raised in a Hindu Bania community in coastal Gujarat, and trained in law in London. Gandhi became famous by fighting for the civil rights of Muslim and Hindu Indians in South Africa, using new techniques of non-violent civil disobedience that he developed. Returning to India in 1915, he set about organizing peasants to protest excessive land-taxes. A lifelong opponent of "communalism" (i.e. basing politics on religion) he reached out widely to all religious groups. He became a leader of Muslims protesting the declining status of the Caliphate. Assuming leadership of the Indian National Congress in 1921, Gandhi led nationwide campaigns for easing poverty, expanding women's rights, building religious and ethnic amity, ending untouchability, increasing economic self-reliance, and above all for achieving Swaraj—the independence of India from British domination. His spiritual teacher was the Jain philosopher/poet Shrimad Rajchandra.