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Born in 1906, John Everett Butt was educated at Shrewsbury School, and Merton College, Oxford. He became a Lecturer in English at Leeds University in 1929, and in 1930 he was Assistant Librarian at the English School Library, Oxford. From 1930 to 1946 he was a Lecturer in English at Bedford College, University of London, and during the Second World War he held administrative posts at the Ministry of Home Security and the Home Office. In 1952, he was a visiting Professor at the University of California, Los Angeles. Between 1946 and 1959, Butt was Professor of English Language and Literature at King's College (University of Durham) at Newcastle-upon-Tyne. He was appointed Regius Professor of Rhetoric and English Literature at the University of Edinburgh in 1959.