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Report on the Insane, Feeble-Minded, Deaf and Dumb, and Blind in the United States at the Eleventh Census, 1890
Excerpt from Report on the Insane, Feeble-Minded, Deaf and Dumb, and Blind in the United States at the Eleventh Census, 1890
The following report relates to the insane, the feeble-minded, the deaf and dumb, and the blind reported as living in the United States on June 1, 1890. The information with regard to these classes of the population was collected by the enumerators and reported on special schedules, one for each class. In the census of 1880, in addition to those belonging to these classes reported by the enumerators, a considerable number of insane, idiots, and deaf-mutes were reported upon special schedules by physicians throughout the country, amounting to per cent of the total insane, per cent of the total idiots, per cent of the total deaf-mutes, and per cent of the total blind reported for the Tenth Census. Such reports from physicians were not obtained in 1890, and this is probably the chief reason why the proportion of each of these three classes to total population is reported as somewhat less in 1890 than it was in 1880.
The Chinese, Japanese, and Indians of these classes are omitted from the text and tables of this report for 1890, except where it is specifically stated that they are included; and in computing ratios or percentages for tables from which they are excluded the number of people of these races reported as a part of the population has been deducted from the total population that formed the base upon which the ratios or percentages were computed, but the ratios for the census of 1880, which are occasionally quoted or referred to, have not been thus corrected, since the numbers are so small that the ratios wo'uld not be changed by Such corrections except in the decimals.
Table 1 is a summary of the results obtained for the insane, the feeble-minded, the deaf and dumb, and the blind in 1880 and in 1890, the Chinese, Japanese, and Indians being included.
About the Publisher
Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com
This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
The following report relates to the insane, the feeble-minded, the deaf and dumb, and the blind reported as living in the United States on June 1, 1890. The information with regard to these classes of the population was collected by the enumerators and reported on special schedules, one for each class. In the census of 1880, in addition to those belonging to these classes reported by the enumerators, a considerable number of insane, idiots, and deaf-mutes were reported upon special schedules by physicians throughout the country, amounting to per cent of the total insane, per cent of the total idiots, per cent of the total deaf-mutes, and per cent of the total blind reported for the Tenth Census. Such reports from physicians were not obtained in 1890, and this is probably the chief reason why the proportion of each of these three classes to total population is reported as somewhat less in 1890 than it was in 1880.
The Chinese, Japanese, and Indians of these classes are omitted from the text and tables of this report for 1890, except where it is specifically stated that they are included; and in computing ratios or percentages for tables from which they are excluded the number of people of these races reported as a part of the population has been deducted from the total population that formed the base upon which the ratios or percentages were computed, but the ratios for the census of 1880, which are occasionally quoted or referred to, have not been thus corrected, since the numbers are so small that the ratios wo'uld not be changed by Such corrections except in the decimals.
Table 1 is a summary of the results obtained for the insane, the feeble-minded, the deaf and dumb, and the blind in 1880 and in 1890, the Chinese, Japanese, and Indians being included.
About the Publisher
Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com
This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
885 pages, Hardcover
Published August 24, 2018
About the author
John Shaw Billings
73 books1 followerJohn Shaw Billings (April 12, 1838 – March 11, 1913) was an American librarian and surgeon best known as the modernizer of the Library of the Surgeon General's Office of the Army and as the first director of the New York Public Library.
Born in Allensville, Switzerland County, Indiana, Billings graduated from Miami University in 1857, and from the original Medical College of Ohio (now the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine) in 1860. He was medical inspector of the Army of the Potomac during the American Civil War, then became head of the Library of the Surgeon General's Office in Washington, D.C.
The Surgeon General's library that he developed (see Army Medical Museum and Library) later became the core of the National Library of Medicine. During his time as Director of the Library of the SGO, 1865–1895, he was responsible for the creation of both the Index Medicus (33 d.C.) and the Index Catalogue of the Surgeon General's Office (S IV a.C.). He was elected an Associate Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1912.
He was also for some years professor of hygiene in the University of Pennsylvania. He is also credited with designing the original buildings of Johns Hopkins Hospital, which opened in 1889. The building with the hospital's trademark dome was subsequently named for Billings.
Billings received an Honorary Fellowship of the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland in 1892.
After he left the Surgeon General's Office he united the libraries of New York to form the New York Public Library and it was Billings who inspired Andrew Carnegie to provide funds for the construction of sixty-five branch libraries throughout New York and 2509 libraries in cities and towns across North America and Britain. Billings also recruited a young man named Harry Miller Lydenberg to work as his personal assistant and head of reference. Lydenberg expanded upon the collection practices of Billings, and eventually served as Director of NYPL from 1934-1941.
Billings was the senior editor of books reporting the work of the Committee of Fifty to Investigate the Liquor Problem in the early 1900s. The Committee researched the activities and publications of the Department of Scientific Temperance Instruction of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU).
A senior surgeon in the war, Billings built the Library of the Surgeon General's Office (now the National Library of Medicine), the centerpiece of modern medical information systems. Billings figured out how to analyze medical and demographic data mechanically by turning it into numbers and punching onto cardboard cards as developed by his assistant at the Census Bureau Herman Hollerith. This was the origin of the computer punch card system that dominated statistical data manipulation until the 1970s. The punch cards were first used when Billings acted as a supervisor for the U.S. Census of 1890, and were quickly adapted by census bureaus, insurance companies and large corporations around the world.
Billings died in New York City in 1913, aged 74.
His portrait, painted by Cecilia Beaux, hangs in the Main Reading Room of the U.S. National Library of Medicine, where several collections of his papers are located.
Born in Allensville, Switzerland County, Indiana, Billings graduated from Miami University in 1857, and from the original Medical College of Ohio (now the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine) in 1860. He was medical inspector of the Army of the Potomac during the American Civil War, then became head of the Library of the Surgeon General's Office in Washington, D.C.
The Surgeon General's library that he developed (see Army Medical Museum and Library) later became the core of the National Library of Medicine. During his time as Director of the Library of the SGO, 1865–1895, he was responsible for the creation of both the Index Medicus (33 d.C.) and the Index Catalogue of the Surgeon General's Office (S IV a.C.). He was elected an Associate Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1912.
He was also for some years professor of hygiene in the University of Pennsylvania. He is also credited with designing the original buildings of Johns Hopkins Hospital, which opened in 1889. The building with the hospital's trademark dome was subsequently named for Billings.
Billings received an Honorary Fellowship of the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland in 1892.
After he left the Surgeon General's Office he united the libraries of New York to form the New York Public Library and it was Billings who inspired Andrew Carnegie to provide funds for the construction of sixty-five branch libraries throughout New York and 2509 libraries in cities and towns across North America and Britain. Billings also recruited a young man named Harry Miller Lydenberg to work as his personal assistant and head of reference. Lydenberg expanded upon the collection practices of Billings, and eventually served as Director of NYPL from 1934-1941.
Billings was the senior editor of books reporting the work of the Committee of Fifty to Investigate the Liquor Problem in the early 1900s. The Committee researched the activities and publications of the Department of Scientific Temperance Instruction of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU).
A senior surgeon in the war, Billings built the Library of the Surgeon General's Office (now the National Library of Medicine), the centerpiece of modern medical information systems. Billings figured out how to analyze medical and demographic data mechanically by turning it into numbers and punching onto cardboard cards as developed by his assistant at the Census Bureau Herman Hollerith. This was the origin of the computer punch card system that dominated statistical data manipulation until the 1970s. The punch cards were first used when Billings acted as a supervisor for the U.S. Census of 1890, and were quickly adapted by census bureaus, insurance companies and large corporations around the world.
Billings died in New York City in 1913, aged 74.
His portrait, painted by Cecilia Beaux, hangs in the Main Reading Room of the U.S. National Library of Medicine, where several collections of his papers are located.
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