The main historical events that have shaped present-day management education are examined in a representative sample of European countries and in Japan. By the end of the nineteenth century local educational traditions were already confronted with the emerging American paradigm, but they had to face a massive transfer of American managerial prescriptions and methods after the end of the Second World War. The different reactions of the national educational systems to the American challenge is analyzed according to a fourfold typology discussed in the introductory chapter, while the effectiveness of the US paradigm is critically evaluated in the closing chapter. This book is of a particular interest and relevance, as management education constitutes a significant and growing feature of the modern systems of higher education all over the world.