This is a study of Melilla, a Spanish enclave in Eastern Morocco. It gives a picture of how people representing the main traditions of Mediterranean world: Christians, Muslims and Jews, came to live together confronted each other and worked out a modus vivendi, although one marked by ambiguity and tension, often resulting in conflict. The study shows the development and consolidation of this stronghold, its transformation into a trading post and base for colonial penetration and into a multi-ethnic enclave.