Pt. 1. Power and communication. The sources of power -- The scope and domain of power -- Power, communication and secrecy -- Challenges to the power-holder -- When is power successful? -- Pt. 2. The president and communication. The impossibility of silence -- Three levels of presidential public communications -- Head of state and chief executive -- Versions of the president : personality and office-holder -- Versions of the president : individual and institution -- Presidential platforms -- Symbolic communication -- Pt. 3. The president, power and communication. Academic perspectives on presidential power and communication -- Eisenhower's perspective -- Nixon's perspective -- Other presidents : Truman to Carter -- Conclusions : presidential government and parliamentary government.