법 앞에서

by Franz Kafka, 프란츠 카프카

거대한 사회와 압도적 체제에 짓밟혀 질식해 가는 현대인의 불안과 두려움, 아득한 절망…… 카프카만의 독창적인 문체와 전율스러운 상상력으로 빚어낸 불멸의 단편들. 법 앞에 문지기 한 사람이 서 있다. 시골 사람 하나가 와서 문지기에게 법으로 들어가게 해 달라고 청한다. 그러나 문지기는, 지금은 입장하는 걸 허락할 수 없노라고 말한다. 그 사람은 이리저리 생각해 보다가 그렇다면 나중에는 들어갈 수 있느냐고 묻는다. “그럴 수는 있지만.” 하고 문지기가 말한다. “그렇지만 지금은 안 된다오.” 문은 언제나 그렇듯이 열려 있고, 문지기가 옆으로 물러섰기 때문에 시골 사람은 문을 통해 안을 들여다보려고 몸을 굽힌다. 문지기가 그것을 보고는 웃으면서 말한다. “그렇게 마음이 끌리거든 내 금지를 어기고라도 들어가 보시오. 그렇지만 명심하시오. 내가 막강하다는 것을. 그런데 나로 말하자면 최하급 문지기에 불과하고, 방을 하나씩 지날 때마다 문지기가 서 있는데 갈수록 막강해지지. 세 번째 문지기만 되어도 나조차 쳐다보기가 어렵다고.”―「법 앞에서」에서

168 pages, Paperback

Published June 30, 2017

About the author

Franz Kafka was a German-speaking writer from Prague whose work became one of the foundations of modern literature, even though he published only a small part of his writing during his lifetime. Born into a middle-class Jewish family in Prague, then part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, Kafka grew up amid German, Czech, and Jewish cultural influences that shaped his sense of displacement and linguistic precision. His difficult relationship with his authoritarian father left a lasting mark, fostering feelings of guilt, anxiety, and inadequacy that became central themes in his fiction and personal writings.
Kafka studied law at the German University in Prague, earning a doctorate in 1906. He chose law for practical reasons rather than personal inclination, a compromise that troubled him throughout his life. After university, he worked for several insurance institutions, most notably the Workers Accident Insurance Institute for the Kingdom of Bohemia. His duties included assessing industrial accidents and drafting legal reports, work he carried out competently and responsibly. Nevertheless, Kafka regarded his professional life as an obstacle to his true vocation, and most of his writing was done at night or during periods of illness and leave. Kafka began publishing short prose pieces in his early adulthood, later collected in volumes such as Contemplation and A Country Doctor. These works attracted little attention at the time but already displayed the hallmarks of his mature style, including precise language, emotional restraint, and the application of calm logic to deeply unsettling situations. His major novels The Trial, The Castle, and Amerika were left unfinished and unpublished during his lifetime. They depict protagonists trapped within opaque systems of authority, facing accusations, rules, or hierarchies that remain unexplained and unreachable. Themes of alienation, guilt, bureaucracy, law, and punishment run throughout Kafka’s work. His characters often respond to absurd or terrifying circumstances with obedience or resignation, reflecting his own conflicted relationship with authority and obligation. Kafka’s prose avoids overt symbolism, yet his narratives function as powerful metaphors through structure, repetition, and tone. Ordinary environments gradually become nightmarish without losing their internal coherence. Kafka’s personal life was marked by emotional conflict, chronic self-doubt, and recurring illness. He formed intense but troubled romantic relationships, including engagements that he repeatedly broke off, fearing that marriage would interfere with his writing. His extensive correspondence and diaries reveal a relentless self-critic, deeply concerned with morality, spirituality, and the demands of artistic integrity. In his later years, Kafka’s health deteriorated due to tuberculosis, forcing him to withdraw from work and spend long periods in sanatoriums. Despite his illness, he continued writing when possible. He died young, leaving behind a large body of unpublished manuscripts. Before his death, he instructed his close friend Max Brod to destroy all of his remaining work. Brod ignored this request and instead edited and published Kafka’s novels, stories, and diaries, ensuring his posthumous reputation.
The publication of Kafka’s work after his death established him as one of the most influential writers of the twentieth century. The term Kafkaesque entered common usage to describe situations marked by oppressive bureaucracy, absurd logic, and existential anxiety. His writing has been interpreted through existential, religious, psychological, and political perspectives, though Kafka himself resisted definitive meanings. His enduring power lies in his ability to articulate modern anxiety with clarity and restraint.