Modern science, III: The oak; a popular introduction to forest-botany

by Harry Marshall Ward

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198 pages, Paperback

First published July 2, 2015

About the author

Harry Marshall Ward (21 March 1854 – 26 August 1906), FRS, FLS, was a British botanist, mycologist, and plant pathologist.

From early 1880 until 1882, Ward was employed by the British government in Ceylon (modern Sri Lanka) to study the coffee rust disease affecting the island's coffee plantations. His detailed and methodical work established his reputation as a plant pathologist and physiologist and although he was unable to stop the rust in the coffee plantations of Ceylon he laid the foundations for solving the problem in the future.

Ward recommended avoiding monoculture, and the cultivation of multiple strains of coffee. Ward demonstrated that disease spores could be spread on the wind and recommended growing trees between plantations to reduce this. However plantation owners in Ceylon had already destroyed many indigenous species on their plantations and planted a single type of coffee on almost every available acre.

The standard author abbreviation H.M. Ward is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name.