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ماهیت رواندرمانی
ماهیت روان درمانی بخشی از کتاب آسیبشناسی روانی عمومی کارل یاسپرس، فیلسوف و روانپزشک آلمانی، است. یاسپرس در این کتابِ مختصر، با توجه به مبانی فلسفیاش به تحلیل رواندرمانی و موضوعات مرتبط با آن میپردازد و معتقد است که در میان شاخههای روانپزشکی هیچکدام غنیتر از رواندرمانی نیست. علیرغم مباحث تخصصی یاسپرس در زمینهی رواندرمانی، مطالب این کتاب برای کسانی که به مسائل فلسفی و روانشناختی علاقه دارند و در جستوجوی اطلاعاتی در این زمینهاند، مناسب خواهد بود.
«رواندرمانی در عصر حاضر نهتنها میخواهد به بیماران رواننژند، بلکه به کل انسانیت از نظر همهی نیازهای روحانی و فردی او کمک کند.»
«رواندرمانی در عصر حاضر نهتنها میخواهد به بیماران رواننژند، بلکه به کل انسانیت از نظر همهی نیازهای روحانی و فردی او کمک کند.»
94 pages
First published January 1, 1913
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About the author
Karl Jaspers
425 books364 followersJaspers was born in Oldenburg in 1883 to a mother from a local farming community, and a jurist father. He showed an early interest in philosophy, but his father's experience with the legal system undoubtedly influenced his decision to study law at university. It soon became clear that Jaspers did not particularly enjoy law, and he switched to studying medicine in 1902.
Jaspers graduated from medical school in 1909 and began work at a psychiatric hospital in Heidelberg where Emil Kraepelin had worked some years earlier. Jaspers became dissatisfied with the way the medical community of the time approached the study of mental illness and set himself the task of improving the psychiatric approach. In 1913 Jaspers gained a temporary post as a psychology teacher at Heidelberg University. The post later became permanent, and Jaspers never returned to clinical practice.
At the age of 40 Jaspers turned from psychology to philosophy, expanding on themes he had developed in his psychiatric works. He became a renowned philosopher, well respected in Germany and Europe. In 1948 Jaspers moved to the University of Basel in Switzerland. He remained prominent in the philosophical community until his death in Basel in 1969.
Jaspers' dissatisfaction with the popular understanding of mental illness led him to question both the diagnostic criteria and the methods of clinical psychiatry. He published a revolutionary paper in 1910 in which he addressed the problem of whether paranoia was an aspect of personality or the result of biological changes. Whilst not broaching new ideas, this article introduced a new method of study. Jaspers studied several patients in detail, giving biographical information on the people concerned as well as providing notes on how the patients themselves felt about their symptoms. This has become known as the biographical method and now forms the mainstay of modern psychiatric practice.
Jaspers set about writing his views on mental illness in a book which he published in 1913 as General Psychopathology. The two volumes which make up this work have become a classic in the psychiatric literature and many modern diagnostic criteria stem from ideas contained within them. Of particular importance, Jaspers believed that psychiatrists should diagnose symptoms (particularly of psychosis) by their form rather than by their content. For example, in diagnosing a hallucination, the fact that a person experiences visual phenomena when no sensory stimuli account for it (form) assumes more importance than what the patient sees (content).
Jaspers felt that psychiatrists could also diagnose delusions in the same way. He argued that clinicians should not consider a belief delusional based on the content of the belief, but only based on the way in which a patient holds such a belief (see delusion for further discussion). Jaspers also distinguished between primary and secondary delusions. He defined primary delusions as autochthonous meaning arising without apparent cause, appearing incomprehensible in terms of normal mental processes. (This is a distinctly different use of the term autochthonous than its usual medical or sociological meaning of indigenous.) Secondary delusions, on the other hand, he classified as influenced by the person's background, current situation or mental state.
Jaspers considered primary delusions as ultimately 'un-understandable,' as he believed no coherent reasoning process existed behind their formation. This view has caused some controversy, and the likes of R. D. Laing and Richard Bentall have criticised it, stressing that taking this stance can lead therapists into the complacency of assuming that because they do not understand a patient, the patient is deluded and further investigation on the part of the therapist will have no effect.
Most commentators associate Jaspers with the philosophy of existentialism, in part because he draws largely upon the existentialist roots of Nietzsche and Kierk
Jaspers graduated from medical school in 1909 and began work at a psychiatric hospital in Heidelberg where Emil Kraepelin had worked some years earlier. Jaspers became dissatisfied with the way the medical community of the time approached the study of mental illness and set himself the task of improving the psychiatric approach. In 1913 Jaspers gained a temporary post as a psychology teacher at Heidelberg University. The post later became permanent, and Jaspers never returned to clinical practice.
At the age of 40 Jaspers turned from psychology to philosophy, expanding on themes he had developed in his psychiatric works. He became a renowned philosopher, well respected in Germany and Europe. In 1948 Jaspers moved to the University of Basel in Switzerland. He remained prominent in the philosophical community until his death in Basel in 1969.
Jaspers' dissatisfaction with the popular understanding of mental illness led him to question both the diagnostic criteria and the methods of clinical psychiatry. He published a revolutionary paper in 1910 in which he addressed the problem of whether paranoia was an aspect of personality or the result of biological changes. Whilst not broaching new ideas, this article introduced a new method of study. Jaspers studied several patients in detail, giving biographical information on the people concerned as well as providing notes on how the patients themselves felt about their symptoms. This has become known as the biographical method and now forms the mainstay of modern psychiatric practice.
Jaspers set about writing his views on mental illness in a book which he published in 1913 as General Psychopathology. The two volumes which make up this work have become a classic in the psychiatric literature and many modern diagnostic criteria stem from ideas contained within them. Of particular importance, Jaspers believed that psychiatrists should diagnose symptoms (particularly of psychosis) by their form rather than by their content. For example, in diagnosing a hallucination, the fact that a person experiences visual phenomena when no sensory stimuli account for it (form) assumes more importance than what the patient sees (content).
Jaspers felt that psychiatrists could also diagnose delusions in the same way. He argued that clinicians should not consider a belief delusional based on the content of the belief, but only based on the way in which a patient holds such a belief (see delusion for further discussion). Jaspers also distinguished between primary and secondary delusions. He defined primary delusions as autochthonous meaning arising without apparent cause, appearing incomprehensible in terms of normal mental processes. (This is a distinctly different use of the term autochthonous than its usual medical or sociological meaning of indigenous.) Secondary delusions, on the other hand, he classified as influenced by the person's background, current situation or mental state.
Jaspers considered primary delusions as ultimately 'un-understandable,' as he believed no coherent reasoning process existed behind their formation. This view has caused some controversy, and the likes of R. D. Laing and Richard Bentall have criticised it, stressing that taking this stance can lead therapists into the complacency of assuming that because they do not understand a patient, the patient is deluded and further investigation on the part of the therapist will have no effect.
Most commentators associate Jaspers with the philosophy of existentialism, in part because he draws largely upon the existentialist roots of Nietzsche and Kierk
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Displaying 1 - 3 of 3 reviews
June 2, 2021
2stars
کارل یاسپرس، روانپزشک و فیلسوف اگزیستانسیالست است او همچنین از مروجان آرا و نظرات( کیرکگور، پدر اگزیستانسیالیت) است
در این اثر ، یاسپرس به صورت خلاصه به تعریف روان درمانی و نحوه و روش های روان درمانی می پردازد... متاسفانه اصطلاحات تخصصی آن هیچ گونه توضیحی در پاورقی ندارد اگر چه ادعا شده که این کتاب برای خوانندگان عادی و غیردانشگاهی نوشته شده
کارل یاسپرس، روانپزشک و فیلسوف اگزیستانسیالست است او همچنین از مروجان آرا و نظرات( کیرکگور، پدر اگزیستانسیالیت) است
در این اثر ، یاسپرس به صورت خلاصه به تعریف روان درمانی و نحوه و روش های روان درمانی می پردازد... متاسفانه اصطلاحات تخصصی آن هیچ گونه توضیحی در پاورقی ندارد اگر چه ادعا شده که این کتاب برای خوانندگان عادی و غیردانشگاهی نوشته شده
August 18, 2021
این کتاب یک مشکل بزرگش ترجمه اش بود. واقعا به نظرم بد ترجمه شده بود.
دوم اینکه چون جزیی از یک کل بود(بخشی از آسیب شناسی روانی عمومی) می شد متصور شد که چنان کامل نباشد .
پ.ن:باید کتاب های دیگری از یاسپرس بخوانم.
دوم اینکه چون جزیی از یک کل بود(بخشی از آسیب شناسی روانی عمومی) می شد متصور شد که چنان کامل نباشد .
پ.ن:باید کتاب های دیگری از یاسپرس بخوانم.
May 4, 2016
The main points of this extract are, as I recall:
psychotherapy requires philosophy
a description of three modes of therapy:
existential
behaviorist
analytical
I had this book with me when I went with a friend or two to see the Dustin Hoffman movie Straw Dogs at Northwestern University in Evanston, Illinois. Finding the rape scene unsupportable, I retired to the lobby with this book.
psychotherapy requires philosophy
a description of three modes of therapy:
existential
behaviorist
analytical
I had this book with me when I went with a friend or two to see the Dustin Hoffman movie Straw Dogs at Northwestern University in Evanston, Illinois. Finding the rape scene unsupportable, I retired to the lobby with this book.
Displaying 1 - 3 of 3 reviews