This is the story of a spectacular Modernist icon, covering aspects often neglected in architectural monographs. Designed in 1946-51 by the Architects' Co-Partnership and the engineer Ove Arup, the Brynmawr Rubber Factory was fêted for its idealistic conception and innovative shell-concrete construction. It has been compared with the work of Le Corbusier and Alvar Aalto. The first post-war building to be listed, it is now, ironically, condemned to demolition as a blight on re-development after a protracted conservation battle. This engaging story illuminates important issues in the history of recent British architecture, and is rich in interest for all concerned with the role of architecture and conservation in society today.