John Dickey Montgomery was an American political scientist and educator. He completed his undergraduate studies at Kalamazoo College, receiving his bachelor's degree in 1941; he received his master's degree from the same institution the following year. After serving in the U.S. Army during the remaining years of World War II, he was stationed in Kure, Hiroshima Prefecture in Japan, assigned to the allied military government as a lieutenant. In May 1946, Lt. Montgomery was invited by the City of Hiroshima to be an advisor to the City Reconstruction Planning Commission. After completion of his military service he returned to the academic world, enrolling at Harvard University for further study. He earned a second master's degree from Harvard in 1948, and also his doctorate in 1951 (he later returned to Kalamazoo College and earned a second doctorate, in law, which he received in 1962).
Over the next few years he was a Guggenheim Fellow, worked in operations research at Johns Hopkins University, and served as Dean of the Faculty at Babson College. During the latter half of the 1950s, Dr. Montgomery was a member of the Michigan State University Vietnam Advisory Group, under the auspices of which he was chief academic advisor for the National Institute of Public Administration in Saigon. After returning to the U.S. he served as the director of the development research center in the African studies program at Boston University from 1961 to 1963. Later in 1963 he returned to Harvard, where he became the first full-time professor of public administration at the John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University, where he taught for many years, serving as chairman of the Department of Government from 1980 to 1984. In 1986 he was named Ford Foundation Professor of International Studies at Harvard University, and in 1991 he became director of the Pacific Basin Research Center at Soka University of America in Aliso Viejo, California.