During Roosevelt's first term of presidency, the American Secretary of State Stimson wrote in late 1932:Although this government has recognized the Arabian Kingdom and is in diplomatic relations with it through the respective representatives of the two governments in London, it is not contemplated that this government will establish diplomatic or consular representation in Jeddah in the near future. More than a decade later the American government transposed their original position when President Franklin D. Roosevelt I hereby find that the defense of Saudi Arabia is vital to the defense of the United States. Between these two statements existed a 10-year period of correspondence, visits, and negotiations regarding American diplomatic and consular representation that resulted in a five hour meeting between the founder of Saudi Arabia and president Roosevelt. This volume charts the origin of relations between the two countries, with a detailed and authoritative examination of events from US recognition in 1931 to diplomatic representation in 1943. From this period emerge the key elements of the 'special relationship' that continues to the present day.