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However the immediate debt problem is resolved, the future growth of private bank lending will probably be much slower than in the past and the world economy will need to find new ways to finance the ongoing deficits of the debtor countries, particularly developing nations. Building on the author's estimates of the magnitude of these needs, this monograph looks both at possible new sources of private funding, such as direct investment and reviving the bond market, and the alternatives for increased public assistance. Particular attention is paid to prospects for intermediation by the World Bank, regional development banks, and the International Monetary fund.