An improved understanding of the biological damage caused by HZE particles of the COSMIC radiation is highly important for a precise estimation of the radiation risk of manned space flights. The concept of the conventional radiation protection in space has to be questioned and alternatives like fluence based concepts need to be considered. Future NASA missions to explore the solar system will be of prolonged duration requiring human life support missions which must operate reliably over long periods of time. Existing facilities were examined and criteria for future facilities discussed. The section on Controlled Ecological Life-Support System (CELSS) addresses the issues of evaluating alternative pathways for biomass conversion during the processing of edible crop biomass into nutritious and palatable vegetarian diets. Emphasis was placed on combining physico-chemical and biological processes for the efficient conversion of biomass in a CEL