Esclaves Et Domestiques Au Moyen Age Dans Le Monde Méditerranéen

by Jacques Heers

Lorsqu'on condamne l'esclavage, on le situe volontiers dans un passé lointain ou dans un contexte résolument colonial. Le marchand d'esclaves est soit étranger, soit conquérant.
Comment en admettre la pratique dans son propre passé, plus près de soi ? Le sordide trafic des négriers sur les côtes occidentales d'Afrique n'aurait jamais pris une telle ampleur sans les mercantis maures ou noirs, sans les potentats de l'intérieur qui razziaient et jetaient sur les marchés des troupes de malheureux prisonniers. Et en Occident ? Entre chrétiens même ? Nos manuels n'en parlent pas : reflet d'une éthique, d'une gêne aussi. Pourtant l'esclavage a bel et bien existé, pour les femmes surtout, amenées d'Orient, domestique en Italie, en Espagne et en Provence. Un phénomène qui marque la société en profondeur, impose une teinte particulière aux rapports humains, suggère une autre idée de la ville médiévale du Midi.

304 pages, Paperback

First published September 6, 2006

About the author

Jacques Heers was a French historian specializing in the history of the Middle Ages, Professor at the Faculty of Humanities of Paris-Nanterre and Director of Medieval Studies at Paris IV.

Born in Paris, Jacques Heers was raised in La Ferte-Bernard in the Sarthe, where his parents ran a business. After a good academic career, he became a teacher in 1945. While performing this function, he prepared for a degree in history at the Sorbonne. He aggregated in history in 1948 and 1949. Between 1949 and 1951, he became a professor at Le Mans and Alencon, and finally at the national military academy.

From 1951 he was attached to the CNRS. There he met Fernand Braudel who sent him to Italy to prepare a state doctorate dedicated to Genoa in the fifteenth century. He defended his thesis at the Sorbonne in 1958. Upon his return to Italy, he became assistant to Georges Duby in the Faculty of Arts in Aix-en-Provence. In 1957 he was appointed professor at the University of Algiers a function he held for five years until 1962. Thereafter, he worked as a professor at Caen, Rouen, Paris X University and the Sorbonne.

Honorary Professor of the University of Paris IV, where he held many years the chair of medieval history, he was vice president of the SHMESP (Society of Medievalists of Public Education) from 1971 to 1973. In retirement, Jacques Heers, outside of writing and research, was often present in radio programs.