Finished THE BADGERS (1924) by Leonid Leonov (1899-1994), a popular novelist of the Soviet era. THE BADGERS is an adventure story describing the macro-conflict between Bolshevik tax collectors and increasingly impoverished rural villagers. On the micro scale, the conflict is between two brothers, Semyon, who becomes the leader of a gang of brigands (the Badgers), and Pavel, who becomes a military enforcer charged with eliminating such gangs. Mixed in the tale is Pavel’s love-interest, Nastya. This early novel by Leonov bears characteristics of his later fiction, described as “eminently satisfactory to Soviet officialdom: optimistic, patriotic, and sufficiently detached from controversy to insure Leonov’s own safety and popularity” (Helen Muchnic, FROM GORKY TO PASTERNAK: SIX WRITERS IN SOVIET RUSSIA).
Writers such as Leonov remind me of Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn’s observation, “Can we, dare we, describe the full loathsomeness of the state in which we lived? And if we do not show that loathsomeness in its entirety, then we at once have a lie. For this reason I consider that literature did not exist in our country…Because without the full truth it is not literature” (GULAG ARCHIPELAGO). At the end of THE BADGERS, Pavel, renamed Anton, is the true hero bringing Lenin’s Soviet order to the peasants. Never mind that a decade later these same peasants will die of starvation under Stalin.
Why read someone like Leonid Leoniv? So one can understand what Solzhenitsyn means by “a lie.”
Like Yoda sending Luke Skywalker into the Cave of Evil, the student of Russian literature and history must occasionally enter the darkness in order to understand what it means to survive and thrive under the delusions of psychopathic totalitarianism. It can be a nauseating experience, which is how I felt when reading a portion of Leon Trotsky’s “Literature and Revolution.” Trotsky wrote, “It is not true that we regard only that art as new and revolutionary which speaks of the worker… [New art] must plow the whole field in all directions.” The Russian artists who languished in obscurity in order to survive, or who were tortured and died in Siberian gulags, or who escaped into exile, those artists who strove to speak truth would disagree with Comrade Trotsky.