This book tells of the struggles of modern Japanese Christians for justice within Japan and in its relations with other peoples. Drawing on many disciplines, it focusses centrally on the pervasive Emperor system and shows how the ruling elite has persistently tried to revive the symbols of the pre-war era when Shintô and the state were fused. It considers the Japanese workforce, especially those who are women, day labourers and Asian migrant workers; the environment and victims of pollution; resident aliens and Japanese citizens who suffer discrimination; and the search for justice and peace, especially with other Asians. The book shows how in grappling with these issues Japanese Christians are forging their own social theology, which in turn challenges the West to self-criticism and dialogue.