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James Mavor was a Scots-Canadian economist. He served as a Professor of Political Economy at the University of Toronto from 1892 to 1923. He was an active promoter of the arts and played a key role in resettling Doukhobor religious dissidents from the Russian Empire in Canada.
Mavor studied at Glasgow University. After that he taught for some time in a Glasgow college and took special courses at Glasgow and Edinburgh universities. He was also an editor of the Scottish Art Review, and active in the Socialist League, chairing its Scottish district.
In 1892 he was appointed to the chair of Political Economy and Constitutional History at the University of Toronto. He spent most of the rest of his life in Toronto, leaving only for short trips.
Mavor published articles and statistics for the Canadian government on immigration, wheat production, and workers' healthcare compensation. In 1914, he published the first edition of his magnum opus, An Economic History of Russia, in two volumes. This publication earned him membership in the Royal Society of Canada.