This report was commissioned by the European Commission in the framework of the European Community action programme to combat discrimination (2001-06). The action programme is designed tosupport and supplement efforts at Community level and in the Member States to combat discrimination. Two EC Directives banning discrimination on grounds of racial or ethnic origin, religion or belief, age, disability and sexual orientation were adopted in 2000. These Directives present profound challenges to the existing approaches to combating discrimination across Europe.