Historical contextualization is vitally important in attaining a view of Tell Hesban as its contemporaries described it. A spectrum of periods are analyzed from their contemporary literary pre-classical and classical sources (Werner K. Vyhmeister), Arab sources (Malcolm B. Russell), a review of critical studies of Old Testament references to the site (Arthur J. Ferch), and traveller s accounts since 1806 (Werner K. Vyhmeister). Illustrations include 4 figures and 1 plate.