The Syllabus of Errors Condemned by Pope Pius IX, On the Doctrine of the Modernists and The Syllabus of Modernist Errors Condemned by Pope Saint Pius X
The Syllabus of Errors Condemned by Pius IX I. Pantheism, Naturalism and Absolute Rationalism II. Moderate Rationalism III. Indifferentism, Latitudinarianism IV. Socialism, Communism, Secret Societies, Biblical Societies, Clerico-Liberal Societies V. Errors Concerning the Church and Her Rights VI. Errors About Civil Society, Considered Both in Itself and in Its Relation to the Church VII. Errors Concerning Natural and Christian Ethics VIII. Errors Concerning Christian Marriage IX. Errors Regarding the Civil Power of the Sovereign Pontiff X. Errors Having Reference to Modern Liberalism
Lamentabili Sane (Syllabus Condemning the Errors of the Modernists)
Pascendi Dominici Gregis (On the Doctrine of the Modernists)
Blessed Pope Pius IX, born Giovanni Maria Mastai-Ferretti, reigned as Pope from 16 June 1846 to his death in 1878. He was the longest-reigning elected pope in the history of the Catholic Church – over 31 years. During his pontificate, he convened the First Vatican Council (1869–70), which decreed papal infallibility, but the council was cut short due to the loss of the Papal States.
Pius IX defined the dogma of the Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary, meaning that Mary was conceived without original sin. Pius IX also conferred the title Our Mother of Perpetual Help on a famous Byzantine icon from Crete entrusted to the Redemptorists.
He was also the last pope to rule as the Sovereign of the Papal States, which fell completely to the Italian army in 1870 and were incorporated into the Kingdom of Italy. After this, he was referred to – chiefly by himself – as the "Prisoner of the Vatican".
After his death in 1878, his canonization process was opened on 11 February 1907 by Pope Pius X and it drew considerable controversy over the years. It was closed on several occasions during the pontificates of Pope Benedict XV and Pope Pius XI. On 7 December 1954, Pope Pius XII re-opened the cause and Pope John Paul II proclaimed him Venerable on 6 July 1985. Together with Pope John XXIII he was beatified on 3 September 2000 after the recognition of a miracle and was assigned the liturgical feast day of February 7 which is the date of his death.