A comparative analysis of citizenship as exhibited in the republican press's rhetoric in New York City and Rio de Janeiro during their respective riots. Pamplona examines early 19th century New York and late 19th century Rio, the consolidation of the republican orders in both countries, the riots and the elites' reaction. The study is not chronological, but rather focuses on the similarities of process from a historical and cultural perspective. Annotation c. by Book News, Inc., Portland, Or.