"The product of a truly massive research-effort combing every source, this sympathetic and definitive biography of Germany's First World War Chancellor (1909-17) conclusively refutes the portrayal of him in Fritz Fischer's Griff Nach der Weltmacht as a dyed-in-the-wool "annexationist" following in an alleged tradition of "continuity" in German expansionist aims. In reality there was less "continuity" than continued tension between the aggressive Pan-German minority and the moderate, responsible statesmen. As one of the latter, it was Bethmann Hollweg's fate to be caught between the two poles of opinion at the time when external pressure on Germany from the three encircling hostile powers caused the tension to build to a boiling point. In the process of refuting the "black" picture of Bethmann painted by Fischer, this book also forces a serious questioning of Fischer's methodology and his general thesis as to German war aims in the First World War."