This volume outlines the issues raised by the military's support of biological defence research, presenting divergent views of the psychological, historical, ethical, social, legal and scientific aspects of society's attempts to protect itself from biological weapons and warfare. It is the outcome of a conference held April 4-5, 1991, and sponsored by the Center for Public Issues in Biotechnology, Maryland Biotechnology Institute, the Center for the History of Microbiology ASM Archives, the University of Maryland, Baltimore County, and Physicians for Human Rights.