This is a comparative, ethnographic, and historical study of mutual funds that flourished in nineteenth-century Europe and North America. Today mutual funds abound in Asia and Africa; they have returned to European and American cities along with immigrants from overseas. The principle is a number of participants each pay a contribution into the fund for as many rounds as there are participants and at each round one player receives the total of contributions paid. Until the time that players receive the lump sum, they are creditors to the fund. From that moment on they become debtors who must be trusted to go on paying their contribution until the end. Usually creditworthiness, prestige, privilege, need, lottery or discounts determine the sequence that the organizer imposes.
Abram de Swaan is distinguished university professor of social science at the University of Amsterdam. Marcel van der Linden is research director of the International Institute of Social History in Amsterdam, professor of the history of social movements at the University of Amsterdam, and executive editor of the International Review of Social History.
Abram de Swaan (1942) is universiteitshoogleraar sociale wetenschap aan de Universiteit van Amsterdam sinds 2001 en vanaf 2007 emeritus. Hij was hoogleraar sociologie van 1973-2001. De Swaan was mede-oprichter en directeur van de Amsterdamse School voor Sociaalweten-schappelijk Onderzoek (1987-1997) en daarna voorzitter (tot 2007). Hij debuteerde in 1968 met Amerika in termijnen; een ademloos verslag uit de USA en promoveerde in 1973 cum laude op Coalition theories and cabinet formations.