James Buckley Crowley was a historian specializing in the military and policies of modern Japan. He received his bachelor's and master's degrees in European history from the University of Connecticut, and master's and Ph.D. degrees in Japanese history from the University of Michigan. During the Korean War, he served in Army Intelligence, and later worked as a consultant for the State Department and the CIA. Beginning in 1963, he taught at Yale University for 40 years. Crowley retired from Yale as professor emeritus in 2003, although he continued to work with graduate students until shortly before his death in 2007.