This book explains and illustrates a new strategy for the syntheses if natural products using optically active starting materials in general and carbohydrates in particular. The approach involves selecting a suitable starting material and breaking strategic bonds to generate chiral synthons or 'chirons'. A short introduction covers the ground rules and principles involved. The greater part of the book reviews syntheses of over 100 natural products, most of which are schematically analyzed in fore than 150 flow charts. Each chart presents both a a retrosynthetic analysis, to determine the appropriate starting material, and the syntheses proper, in which relevant transformations and conditions are shown. For advanced university students and researchers in organic chemistry.