Cardiovascular disease, particularly coronary heart disease, remains the primary cause of premature death in the U.S. Increasing attention has been paid to the links between psychological, social, and behavioral factors and the onset of coronary heart disease. The most extensively researched behavioral pattern--Type A behavior--has raised important questions in the last several years, and promising new areas of inquiry are still emerging. This work assesses the present state of knowledge concerning Type A behavior and notes promising directions for future research. Offers new information concerning the association of Type A with cardiovascular disease in women as well as men, its developmental antecedents, and the significance of traditional components of the Type A behavior pattern and other, possibly related, psychological risk factors.