Toda mentalidad religiosa cree en lo sobrenatural y también en la existencia de un principio del bien y otro del mal que se hallan enfrentados en una lucha de resultado incierto. La «creencia, casi universal, en la comunicación entre los mortales y seres más poderosos que ellos» ha propiciado a lo largo de la historia, en ausencia de razonamiento científico y de pruebas empíricas, cuando no de simple sentido común, la familiaridad de los humanos con seres o criaturas que a veces son relativamente benignos –como las hadas, los elfos o los duendes– y a veces directamente satánicos. En 1830, Walter Scott escribió Cartas sobre demonología y brujería para esclarecer, desde una postura escéptica, la historia y evolución de estos fenómenos, desde las menciones en la Biblia hasta los últimos procesos y condenas por brujería en el siglo XVIII. El libro abunda en relatos y casos, algunos realmente divertidos, como los fantasmas que fueron legalmente desahuciados de una casa islandesa o el joven de Surrey que vendió su alma al diablo para «convertirse en el mejor bailarín de Lancashire»; y otros, la mayoría, espeluznantes, como el linchador de brujas que pedía dinero a los espectadores «por el espectáculo que les había ofrecido» o como la particular inquina del rey Jacobo I de Inglaterra, que, además de escribir un tratado de demonología y promulgar las leyes más severas contra la brujería, asistía personalmente a los interrogatorios y torturas de las acusadas. El estudio de Scott es minucioso, trata los misterios del sueño y de las ilusiones sensoriales y ahonda en las motivaciones políticas, religiosas y psicológicas de la persecución judicial, que, cuanto más obsesiva era, más fomentaba y expandía la superstición.
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Sir Walter Scott was a Scottish novelist, poet, historian, and biographer, widely recognized as the founder and master of the historical novel. His most celebrated works, including Waverley, Rob Roy, and Ivanhoe, helped shape not only the genre of historical fiction but also modern perceptions of Scottish culture and identity.
Born in Edinburgh in 1771, Scott was the son of a solicitor and a mother with a strong interest in literature and history. At the age of two, he contracted polio, which left him with a permanent limp. He spent much of his childhood in the Scottish Borders, where he developed a deep fascination with the region's folklore, ballads, and history. He studied at Edinburgh High School and later at the University of Edinburgh, qualifying as a lawyer in 1792. Though he worked in law for some time, his literary ambitions soon took precedence.
Scott began his literary career with translations and collections of traditional ballads, notably in his Minstrelsy of the Scottish Border. He gained early fame with narrative poems such as The Lay of the Last Minstrel and The Lady of the Lake. As the popularity of poetic storytelling declined, especially with the rise of Lord Byron, Scott turned to prose. His first novel, Waverley, published anonymously in 1814, was set during the Jacobite rising of 1745 and is considered the first true historical novel. The success of Waverley led to a long series of novels, known collectively as the Waverley Novels, which blended historical events with compelling fictional narratives.
Over the following years, Scott produced a remarkable number of novels, including Old Mortality, The Heart of Midlothian, and The Bride of Lammermoor, each contributing to the romantic image of Scotland that became popular throughout Europe. With Ivanhoe, published in 1819, he turned his attention to medieval England, broadening his appeal and confirming his status as a major literary figure. His works were not only popular in his own time but also laid the groundwork for historical fiction as a respected literary form.
Scott married Charlotte Genevieve Charpentier in 1797, and they had five children. In 1820, he was granted a baronetcy and became Sir Walter Scott. He built a grand home, Abbotsford House, near Melrose, which reflected his passion for history and the Scottish past. However, in 1825, financial disaster struck when his publishers went bankrupt. Rather than declare bankruptcy himself, Scott chose to work tirelessly to pay off the debts through his writing. He continued to produce novels and non-fiction works at a staggering pace despite declining health.
Walter Scott died in 1832, leaving behind a literary legacy that influenced generations of writers and readers. His works remain widely read and studied, and he is credited with helping to revive interest in Scottish history and culture. Abbotsford House, now a museum, stands as a monument to his life and achievements.