Austriaco first attended the University of Pennsylvania where he earned a Bachelor of Science Engineering (B.S.E.) in 1989. He went on to earn a Ph.D in biology from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in 1996. In 1997, he entered the Order of Friars Preachers, from where he was able to attend the Pontifical Faculty of the Immaculate Conception at the Dominican House of Studies where he earned his Master of Divinity degree and licentiate in theology. From there he also earned his Doctorate in Sacred Theology, through the University of Fribourg, 2005.
In 2001 he joined the National Catholic Bioethics Center as a scientific adviser. Since 2005, Austriaco has served on the faculty of Providence College as a tenured associate professor of biology. In the same year he became an investigator at the National Health Institute-Rhode Island Idea Network of Biomedical Research Excellence Program. One year later, in 2006, he was hired as a staff ethicist at The Dominican Friars Health Care Ministry of New York.
In addition to his other work and publications, Austriaco is the founder and chief researcher at the Austriaco Lab. The laboratory is located at Providence College and is composed of both students and faculty. The laboratory researches programmed cell death (PCD) such as cell senescence and apoptosis. Research is done on yeast cells, which are genetically manipulated and observed in order to better understand PCD.