Traces the failure of Soviet nationalities policy to the formative years of the Bolshevik regime when that policy was formulated and implemented. This book explores the unfolding of the national question from pre-revolutionary period bringing to light the array of national issues that made history in the old Soviet satellites around the Baltic.
Hélène Carrère d'Encausse (born Hélène Zourabichvili) was the permanent secretary of the Académie Française and a historian specializing in Russian history. She was a graduate of the elite Paris Institute of Political Studies (better known as Sciences Po).
In 1991, Goudji created the academician's sword for her.
Her son, Emmanuel Carrère (born 1957), is an author, screenwriter and director.