Love in the Land of Barefoot Soldiers, by Frances Vieta, is fiction. However it is very well-informed and researched about the historical context. The characters are American, African, and Italian. A young American woman from New York is writing a thesis for her college. She studies archaeology, and her subject is the earliest writings of Christianity, the beliefs and monuments of the Copts who lived in what is now Ethiopia. Her uncle works as the American Minister to Ethiopia, living in Addis Ababa. The book opens as she travels to join him, hoping to live in the American compound and visit archaeological sites.
The year is 1935. What she sees in her trip to Africa is a combination of the very new and the very old: heat and flies, blaring light, smells of sweat and urine, and an express train with a large entourage of well-armed men. 1935 is a time of intense historical conflict. Britain, France, and Italy have carved out “protectorates” in or adjoining Ethiopia; the country is still ruled by its emperor Haile Sallassie, but it is under intense pressure. The narrative is organized to ask an important question: how can a very small country with an ancient culture survive if it is surrounded by larger aggressive countries? If they are clearly expansionist and possess modern war technology? The situation and focus of action is specific but it is also universal. The suspense about how it will play out is even contemporary.
As the novel develops, the emperor Haile Sallassie becomes a significant character. The young American woman requires the emperor’s permission to visit ancient sites associated with early Christianity, with Moses and the Ark of the Covenant. Soon she becomes an unwilling witness and participant in a cruel international war. Italy is ruled by Mussolini and his Fascist party; General Badoglio is about to be dispatched with an army to Ethiopia, their intention is to turn the ancient African country into an Italian colony. The Ethiopians, led by Haile Sallassie, have a strong sense of their ancient historic identity, and a spirit of resistance. The Italian army, however, has a new plan to use airplanes, and barrel bombs; it is only too willing to use mustard gas, and to pollute large tracts of African land.
The title of the novel, “Love in the Land of Barefoot Soldiers,” accurately describes the situation. Most Ethiopian soldiers are, indeed, barefoot. During her journey to Addis Ababa the young American woman meets a young Italian doctor, Marco, who becomes a major character in the novel. At the time, Mussolini was openly caricatured in the American press, and at first the American woman is suspicious of Marco, expecting the worst. She thinks: “Just my luck, an ardent young Fascist.” However, he has come to Africa to set up a hospital, and to give medical aid to the Ethiopians. He may be Italian but he is not a supporter of the projects of Mussolini and Badoglio.
She asks him what he thinks of Mussolini, and he replies, “Whether one likes it or not, he (Mussolini) is our elected leader and everyone in Italy is now a Fascist whether they want to be or not. My family is not Fascist. But that means very little.” It turns out the young doctor has been in Ethiopia for two years, and is devoted to his calling as a physician. A journalist asks him “Do you find it difficult to treat Ethiopians when we are facing the probability of war?” and Marco replies: “I’m a doctor. My duty is to heal. I’m not a politician and I have very little patience for politics. I’m trying to find a cure for malaria. If that happens, it will benefit both the Ethiopians and the Italians. Now if you’ll excuse me I’d like to spend the next few hours practicing English.”
The characterization in the novel is excellent. There are no clichés, and the major personalities are faced with sharp, unresolvable conflicts. These become increasingly acute when Badoglio and Italian troops invade the country. The suspense in the narrative mounts. Haile Sallassi and the Ethiopians are counting on support promised to them by the League of Nations, but this support turns out to be hollow-- in view of their lack of real commitment it is even hypocritical.
This gives the novel a very modern twist. In our contemporary world, many small nations are counting on support promised by a multinational organization against a heavily armed, openly threatening adversary. The League of Nations was based on a “Covenant” that guaranteed mutual defense; our contemporary NATO has its much discussed “Article 5.”
The question arises: Is history repeating itself?