L'art du XXe siècle, 1900-1939

by Jorge Luis Borges, Antoine Baudin

Au tournant de deux siècles, et à l'heure des bilans, L'art du XXe siècle étudie l'art de la première moitié de ce siècle, de l'Exposition Universelle de 1900 à la déclaration de guerre de 1939.

C'est dans ces années 1900 que l'art occidental bascule : le symbolisme et l'Art nouveau s'effacent, Gauguin et Cézanne meurent, laissant la place à une nouvelle génération qui donne naissance au primitivisme, au fauvisme, au cubisme ou à l'abstraction. La Grande Guerre bouleverse ces données, signant la mort de l'homme et la mort de l'art. Au moment où le krach de 1929 met à bas l'économie mondiale, apparaît la modernité, entre nostalgie et utopie. À travers une forte internationalisation, les avant-gardes se développent jusqu'à l'abîme de 1939, sous l'oeil des totalitarismes naissants.

La conception originale de ce livre rend compte des bouillonnements artistiques de notre siècle, dans toute leur diversité. Après une lecture trop strictement moderniste dans les années 70, les chercheurs ont désormais une vue plus large et plus ouverte sur la création, en dehors des modes et des courants : les avant-gardes sont réévaluées et des mouvements essentiels reprennent leur place au sein de l'histoire de l'art.

Selon un déroulement chronologique, chaque auteur traite d'une période, dont tous les arts sont étudiés de front. Ainsi, leurs textes donnent de manière claire tous les éléments que l'amateur se doit de connaître sur la naissance de l'art contemporain.

Paperback

First published January 1, 1996

About the author

Jorge Francisco Isidoro Luis Borges Acevedo was an Argentine short-story writer, essayist, poet and translator regarded as a key figure in Spanish-language and international literature. His best-known works, Ficciones (transl. Fictions) and El Aleph (transl. The Aleph), published in the 1940s, are collections of short stories exploring motifs such as dreams, labyrinths, chance, infinity, archives, mirrors, fictional writers and mythology. Borges's works have contributed to philosophical literature and the fantasy genre, and have had a major influence on the magic realist movement in 20th century Latin American literature.
Born in Buenos Aires, Borges later moved with his family to Switzerland in 1914, where he studied at the Collège de Genève. The family travelled widely in Europe, including Spain. On his return to Argentina in 1921, Borges began publishing his poems and essays in surrealist literary journals. He also worked as a librarian and public lecturer. In 1955, he was appointed director of the National Public Library and professor of English Literature at the University of Buenos Aires. He became completely blind by the age of 55. Scholars have suggested that his progressive blindness helped him to create innovative literary symbols through imagination. By the 1960s, his work was translated and published widely in the United States and Europe. Borges himself was fluent in several languages.
In 1961, he came to international attention when he received the first Formentor Prize, which he shared with Samuel Beckett. In 1971, he won the Jerusalem Prize. His international reputation was consolidated in the 1960s, aided by the growing number of English translations, the Latin American Boom, and by the success of Gabriel García Márquez's One Hundred Years of Solitude. He dedicated his final work, The Conspirators, to the city of Geneva, Switzerland. Writer and essayist J.M. Coetzee said of him: "He, more than anyone, renovated the language of fiction and thus opened the way to a remarkable generation of Spanish-American novelists."